Molecular Mechanisms Contributing to the Etiology of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: A Review and Novel Cases

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a relatively common birth defect, affecting approximately one in 2500-3000 live births, with a slight male predominance (1.5:1).1-17 CDH is characterized by a herniation of the abdominal viscera through a defect in the diaphragm, leading to significant pulmonary hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension and substantial morbidity and mortality.6,8,11,18-25,34 Prenatal diagnosis, referrals to high volume tertiary care centers, and treatment advances in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) have significantly improved survival rates to about 70%.

source https://www.jpeds.com/article/S0022-3476(22)00208-6/fulltext?rss=yes